Chinese business negotiation styles and their impacts on the success of business with indian counterparts

Chinese business negotiation styles and their impacts on the success of business with indian counterparts 1. Introduction With Chinas accession to the WTO and the upcoming 2008 Olympic Games, China will become a new modern country and we will have increasing chances to cooperate with other countries, such as India, from all over the world. Business between China and India is becoming more and more frequent and important, and China will have more opportunities to negotiate with India. The commercial activity cannot go smoothly without negotiation. Business negotiation cannot be separated from culture. Business negotiation is a series of actions, and culture is a lubricant to the process. Knowing about the other sides culture will yield twice the result with half the effort. Also, different cultural values could bring barriers and problems in business negotiation. To understand different negotiation styles of us and India is significant. In this paper, I will analyze the negotiation styles of China and India, and find out the difference between them. Analyzing the business relationship between them and gi ve some suggestions about their negotiation. 2. Studies on the negotiation styles of the Chinese and Indian people 2.1 Chinese business negotiation styles Every people have his or her own negotiation styles, to master his or her negotiation styles will be of great help to the successful business. As a result, what we should understand first is the meaning of Negotiation Styles. â€Å"The negotiation style refers to the words and deeds behaved by negotiators in the course of negotiation. It is closely related to cultural traditions and cultural background, and obviously different from thoughts, characteristics of tactics and behaviors of the negotiators in the other side.† (Ma, 2004, p.450) Generally speaking, China is considered a friendly country. Dating back from Confucius age, propriety (Li jiao) has been paid great attention to. Chinese people are friendly, generous and helpful. Mostly, the Chinese people would warm their guests in either business or travel. The Chinese businessman is accustomed to â€Å"try peaceful means before resorting to force† (Xian li hou bing). When they do business with foreign counterparts, they are very likely to build a good relationship at the first time. In Chinese, there is a phrase â€Å"La guan xi†. If the two sides have cooperated before, the Chinese may possibly remind of the relationship between the two sides, which also has a Chinese phrase called â€Å"La jiao qing†. Acting in good faith occupies a great position in the mind of Chinese businessman, and the Chinese value a lot on emotion. Frequently, the Chineses sincere and warm attitudes help them win a good impression before they do business with others. Nevertheless, â€Å"try peaceful means before resorting to force† also means the Chinese would have their tough attitude as well, especially when they are in a hard situation. They are reserved, seldom showing their attitude directly. Even though they master all details of the negotiation, they would invite their partner indirectly to lay his cards on the table. When the negotiation has reached an impasse or some barrier, the Chinese would attempt to break the deadlock by making generous and thoughtful decision to maintain the relationship. They are easy to give accommodation for the sake of friendship. 2.2 India business negotiation styles Indians are warm and welcoming people who enjoy harmonious relationship. Once one has built a comfortable relationship with the local counterpart, the formal negotiation process can begin. In business, they are good at serving their own interests through trickery, desiring for quick success and instant benefits and scheming for convenience. (Richard, 2004, p.222) As a result, they prefer dealing with samples. Indians are also patient. In the business negotiation, they often spend a lot of time until they make a final decision. The Indians love bargaining. (Waterloo, 2002, p.318) Strangely, in their minds, justice means the counterpart who has more money or who is more popular should pay the bill. When negotiating, they would say naturally,† your capital is much more than us, so you must pay for†¦Ã¢â‚¬ India is an ancient culture with splashes of modernity throughout its business sector. Making researches on each company thoroughly and finding out the nature of their management style are necessary. Many large companies in India are family owned and operated. Dont assume that good relations with one family member could constitute access to the source of comme rcial power. Internal rivalries between family members are bitter, personal, and long-standing. 2.3 China and India business relationship There exists a long traditional friendship between the Chinese and Indian people. People of both countries have had great sympathy with each other and supported each other in the struggle for national independence. On 30, December 1949, the two countries built up relationship. Both China and India are huge markets. They are engaged in economic reforms and, with more economic development in both countries, more varieties of commodity could be offered for exchange. Economic cooperation in the fields of steel, petroleum, space, software, etc. has been developed. (Cheng, 2005, pp.90-91) Since 2002, leaders of the two countries have visited each other frequently, which promoted business between them greatly. China is expected to surpass America, becoming the biggest business partner of India. Both China and India enjoy the most promising foreground all over the world. In 2005, the total trade between China and India reached US $ 18.7 billion, increased by 38% than the last year. China has supported Indias participation in the APEC, while India has always supported China in the Human Rights Commission. Both China and India are huge markets. They are engaged in economic reforms and, with more economic development in both countries, more varieties of commodity could be offered for exchange. They share common interests as follow: The most important common interest between China and India is a peaceful and stable environment for their economic and social development. It is also in the common interest of both China and India to develop more trade and economic cooperation among themselves. Trade between the two countries grew quite fast in the last decade. (Zhang,

Nike Liu Xiang Essay

Crisis Management in Celebrity Endorsement Group 3 Shweta Zacharia Kern Rachita Swarooparani Nike * World’s leading supplier of athletic gear * A major sponsor of various global sports events and high-profile athletes and athletic teams * Entered into China in 1980 Considered to be the ‘coolest’ brand in China- success due to clever marketing Liu Xiang * One of Nike’s most important brand ambassadors in China * First endorsement signed in 2002- he won his first World Championship * New television commercial (TVC) launched in 2004- he won a gold medal at Athens Olympics- â€Å"Stereotypes are meant to be broken† What went wrong in this arrangement? Nike spent heavily on high-profile advertising campaigns centred on Beijing Olympics themes * It also invested a lot of money to design new sportswear and footwear for Liu and other athletes specifically for the Beijing Olympics * Liu was considered to be more valuable than Yao Ming (Chinese Basketball Team) as he was believed to have a higher chance of defending his title from Athens Olympics- so more money was spent on him * A couple of days before the event, Liu quit the race due to an Achilles injury after a false start by another athlete * This was believed to be a big blow to Nike as Liu was the cornerstone for their program What was the reaction to this? * Mixed emotions spread throughout China. Some of them were sympathetic while others were angry as the news that Liu was injured was kept in the dark till the last moment. * Online posts on a major Chinese portal even criticized Nike by saying that Nike forced Liu not to participate, as the odds in favour of Liu winning the race was unfavourable. Liu made a public apology and expressed his interest in the sport. His de sire for victory is still burning in him and he will soon return back to the sport. What did Nike do? * The day after Liu’s withdrawal, Nike placed a full-page tweaked advertisement depicting Liu’s love of sport despite setbacks * Subsequently, a revised TVC was launched under the same theme- â€Å"Love sport despite setbacks† What is expected to happen now? Although Liu’s existing contracts might not be terminated immediately, in order to avoid public backlash, his withdrawal might affect advertisers’ decisions on renewals. Questions that need to be answered: * Would Nike’s â€Å"Love Sport despite Setbacks† tweaking strategy work? Yes, we think it will work. * Would Nike be able to turn Liu’s withdrawal from the Beijing Olympics into an opportunity to further boost its brand image? Yes, Nike might be able to turn this crisis into an opportunity to further boost its brand image if it continues with Liu. This will give it an edge over other sports gear-brands, which have contracts only with successful players and forget them once a better player comes into the picture. Nike can project itself as a partner to the player through thick and thin. This will help to make it a trusted brand. * What alternatives did Nike and other global brands have to minimise the losses from Liu’s withdrawal? 1. Nike and other global brands can still endorse Liu but reduce the amount spent on him. 2. Though Liu was injured, they can still keep Liu in their campaigns, making him support the upcoming champions in the sport. 3. By keeping Liu (though he was injured), Nike can prove to the customers that ‘Nike is with them through thick and thin’. * Would Nike and the other sponsors drop Liu from their future campaigns? No, we think that they should not drop Liu from their campaign so soon but stick to the theme that they have adopted in this crisis. This is in keeping up with the spirit of sportsmanship – never give up. Tough times do not last, but tough people do!

Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay

Guyana (guy-anna),[6] officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana,[1] is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America. Culturally Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana is one of the few Caribbean countries that is not an island. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), of which Guyana is a member, has its secretariat’s headquarters in Guyana’s capital, Georgetown. Guyana was originally colonized by the Netherlands. Later, it became a British colony and remained so for over 200 years until it achieved independence on 26 May 1966 from the United Kingdom. On 23 February 1970, Guyana officially became a republic. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member. Guyana, a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations, is the only South American nation whose official language is English. Historically, the region known as â€Å"Guiana† or â€Å"Guyana† comprised the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the â€Å"Land of many waters†. Historical Guyana consists of three Dutch colonies: Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice. Modern Guyana is bordered by Suriname to the east; by Brazil to the south and southwest; by Venezuela to the west; and by the Atlantic Ocean to the north. At 215,000 square kilometres (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the third-smallest independent state on the mainland of South America after Uruguay and Suriname. Its population is approximately 770,000. The name â€Å"Guyana† is derived from Guiana, the original name for the region that now includes Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and parts of Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name comes from an Amerindian word meaning â€Å"land of many waters†. here are nine Native American tribes residing in Guyana: the Wai Wai, Machushi, Patamona, Arawak, Carib, Wapishana, Arecuna, Akawaio, and Warrau. Historically the Arawak and Carib tribes dominated Guyana. Although Christopher Columbus sighted Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Dutch were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). After the British assumed control in the late 18th century, the Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814. In 1831 the three separate colonies became a single British colony known as British Guiana. A map of Dutch Guiana 1667–1814. Since Independence in 1824, Venezuela has claimed the area of land to the west of the Essequibo River. Simon Bolivar wrote to the British government warning against the Berbice and Demerara settlers settling on land which the Venezuelans claimed was theirs. In 1899 an international tribunal ruled the land belonged to Great Britain. Map of British Guiana. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970, remaining a member of the Commonwealth. The US State Department and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), along with the British government, played a strong role in influencing political control in Guyana during this time. The American government supported Forbes Burnham during the early years of independence because Cheddi Jagan was identified as a Marxist. They provided secret financial support and political campaign advice to Burnham’s People’s National Congress, to the detriment of the Jagan-led People’s Progressive Party, which was mostly supported by Native American Guyanese. In 1978, Guyana received international notice when 918 members of the American cult, Peoples Temple, died in a mass murder/suicide. Most of the suicides were American and more than 300 children were killed; the people were members of a group led by Jim Jones in Jonestown, the settlement which they had created. Jim Jones’ bodyguards had earlier attacked people landing at a small remote airstrip close to Jonestown, killing five people, including Leo Ryan, the only congressman ever murdered in the line of duty in US history. In May 2008, President Bharrat Jagdeo was a signatory to the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations. Guyana has ratified the treaty.

Mental Illness And The Barriers For Physical Activity

Mental illness and the barriers for physical activity: Why is motivation a major limitation? Introduction Improvement in quality of life for people suffering from mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression) has recently been shown to have a correlation with increased levels of physical activity (1). Treatment approaches have begun to favor increased levels of physical activity to assist in symptom management as well as emerging evidence for an improvement in physiology (1). A major barrier for this approach however, is the motivation of people suffering from mental illness to participate in increased levels of physical activity. When compared to the general population, people suffering from mental illness have a†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, strategies to improve motivation for physical activity for mental illness patients is limited. The aim of this study is to determine the major intrinsic barriers for physical activity in patients with mental illness through interview and questionnaire to determine the levels of self-efficacy, extrinsic and intri nsic motivation and readiness for physical activity. A cognitive behavioral approach will be adopted to further understand the motivational barriers which present themselves and to provide guidance to promoting physical activity through a mental health care unit. Current research for motivation towards physical activity is largely based on the general population or for patients who are suffering from cardiovascular disease with studies that include a motivational aspect which is not being based on the application to a theory (5). The application of a theory for motivation for physical activity in mental illness may assist in enhancing the participation in physical activity and ultimately improve the quality of life for patients suffering from a mental illness. 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